Umbilical Hernia

An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot near the belly button (umbilicus). While commonly seen in infants, umbilical hernias can also occur in adults due to factors such as obesity, pregnancy, or prior surgery.

Most umbilical hernias in children resolve naturally, but in adults, they often require surgical repair. Below, we cover causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for umbilical hernias.

What Is an Umbilical Hernia?

During fetal development, the umbilical cord passes through an opening in the abdominal muscles. After birth, this opening usually closes. However, if the muscles don’t fully close or weaken later in life, tissue or intestine can protrude, causing an umbilical hernia.

• In infants: Appears as a soft lump or bulge at the belly button, often more noticeable when the baby cries, coughs, or laughs. Most cases resolve by age 5.
• In adults: Usually linked to increased abdominal pressure and less likely to resolve without surgery.

Compare with Inguinal Hernia

Causes and Risk Factors

Umbilical hernias can develop for different reasons in infants versus adults.

In Infants

• Premature birth or low birth weight
• Chronic coughing or vomiting
• Constipation or straining

In Adults

• Obesity or rapid weight gain
• Multiple pregnancies
• Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites)
• Heavy lifting or frequent straining
• Abdominal surgery or scar tissue

Symptoms of an Umbilical Hernia

The most common symptom is a visible bulge near the navel, which may come and go depending on activity.

Other possible symptoms include:

• Swelling or lump that becomes more visible when standing, coughing, or straining
• Discomfort or abdominal pain, especially in adults
• Tenderness, burning, or aching near the belly button
• In severe cases: nausea, vomiting, or fever (signs of strangulation)

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose an umbilical hernia with a physical exam. If needed, additional tests help evaluate severity:

• X-ray or Ultrasound: Shows the extent of the bulge and tissue involved.
• CT or MRI scan: Used if complications are suspected or for surgical planning.

Your provider may attempt to gently push the hernia back into place. If not reducible, or if strangulation risk exists, surgery may be necessary.

Treatment Options

In Children

• Most umbilical hernias close naturally by ages 2–5.
• Surgery may be recommended if the hernia is large, persistent, painful, or at risk of complications.

In Adults

Umbilical hernias rarely heal on their own and almost always require surgical repair.

Surgical Approaches

1. Open Repair Surgery
   • A small incision is made near the belly button.
   • Protruding tissue is pushed back inside.
   • The abdominal wall is reinforced with stitches and mesh.
2. Laparoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Surgery
   • Several small incisions are made.
   • A laparoscope (tiny camera) guides the surgeon.
   • Mesh is placed to strengthen the abdominal wall.
   • Benefits: shorter recovery, less pain, and smaller scars.

Post-Surgical Recovery

• Mild swelling, bruising, or soreness is common.
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity until cleared by your surgeon.
• Children may return to light activity within 1–2 weeks but should avoid sports until approved.
• Adults typically resume light activity in 2–3 weeks, with full recovery by 4–6 weeks.

Fast Recovery After Hernia Surgery

When to See a Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you notice:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Redness, fever, or nausea
• A bulge that becomes firm, tender, or cannot be pushed back in (possible strangulation)

Expert Care at Hernia Innovations

At Hernia Innovations, our board-certified surgeons specialize in advanced techniques for treating all types of hernias, including umbilical hernias in both children and adults. We offer laparoscopic and robotic-assisted repairs for faster recovery and long-term results.

Call us today at (925) 940-1025 or schedule a consultation online.